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Journals
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Malarvizhi, S.
- A 1.5V, 2.4 GHz CMOS Front-End Design Evaluation for IEEE 802.11b/g Application
Abstract Views :283 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
M. Sumathi
1,
S. Malarvizhi
2
Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, IN
2 SRM University, Chennai, IN
1 Sathyabama University, IN
2 SRM University, Chennai, IN
Source
Wireless Communication, Vol 2, No 8 (2010), Pagination: 213-217Abstract
This paper describes the design evaluation of a 1.5V,2.4 GHz CMOS RF receiver front-end system consists of a low noise amplifier (LNA), down-conversion mixer and digitally controlled ring oscillator for Direct Conversion specification of IEEE 802.11b/g application. The designed LNA uses inductively degenerated Common Source-Common Gate stage (CS-CG) structure to enhance the gain and impedance matching. The mixer uses Switched – Transconductance Gilbert cell architecture for the betterment of noise figure. Also the tristate –inverter based 8-Bit Digitally controlled ring oscillator designed for generating local oscillator frequency. The front end blocks performance are analyzed by using Intel Core2DuoCPU E7400@2.80GHz processor with Agilent’s Advanced Design System (ADS) EDA tools and Microwind 2.7 version software. The design simulation process has been carried out in a standard TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process technology. The LNA achieves a power gain of 18.35 dB and input reflection coefficient of -12.5 dB at 2.4 GHz RFfrequency. Also the mixer exhibits a noise figure of 13 dB and conversion gain of 39 dB. The schematic and layout developed for ring oscillator whose frequency of oscillation observed as 2.25GHz.
Keywords
CMOS, Down-Conversion, Front-end, LNA, Mixer, Ring Oscillator.
- Network Performance Enhancement using New Active Queue Management
Abstract Views :147 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Affiliations
1 M.C.A Dept., K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, IN
2 Muthayammal Engineering College, Rasipuram, IN
1 M.C.A Dept., K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, IN
2 Muthayammal Engineering College, Rasipuram, IN
Source
Networking and Communication Engineering, Vol 1, No 8 (2009), Pagination: 467-471Abstract
Virtual queue-based marking schemes have been recently proposed for Active Queue Management (AQM) in Internet routers. In an effort to improve performance of congested gateways, a new Active Queue Management (AQMNEW) algorithm was developed by feeding virtual queue size to the RED algorithm. The objective of the new algorithm is to improve overall performance by keeping link utilization high, link utilization stable, queuing delay low and consecutive packet drop rate low. This paper shows the objective is met by comparing AQMNEW with six other well known AQM methods. To provide fair comparisons, the AQM parameters are fine-tuned by exploring many different parameter settings. The simulation results conclude that AQMNEW improves overall performance by 8 to 25%.Keywords
Congestion, Gateway, Network, Traffic Generator, Virtual Queue.- Design of TCP Protocol with Low Priority for Improving TCP Performance
Abstract Views :182 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Affiliations
1 K. S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, IN
2 Muthayammal College of Engg., Rasipuram, IN
1 K. S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, IN
2 Muthayammal College of Engg., Rasipuram, IN
Source
Networking and Communication Engineering, Vol 1, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 88-91Abstract
Service prioritization among different traffic classes is an important goal for the Internet. In this paper, we devise a new distributed algorithm to realize a low-priority service from the network endpoints. To this end, we develop TCP Low Priority(TCP-LP), a distributed algorithm whose goal is to utilize only the excess network bandwidth. the key mechanisms unique to TCP-LP congestion control are the use of one-way packet delays for early congestion indications and a TCP transparent congestion avoidance policy. the simulation results show that 1) Multiple TCP-LP flows share excess bandwidth fairly; 2) Substantial amounts of excess bandwidth are available to the low-priority class, even in the presence of “greedy” TCP flows; 3) Despite their low-priority nature, TCP-LP flows are able to utilize significant amounts of available bandwidth in a wide-area network environment.Keywords
TCP, Bandwidth, Service Prioritization, TCP-LP, TCP-Transparency.- Influence of Welding Speed on Tensile and Impact Properties of Friction Stir Welded High Strength Low Alloy Steel Joints
Abstract Views :196 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Dept., of Manufacturing Engg, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Marine Metallurgy Dept., Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL), Ambernath, Mumbai, Maharastra, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Dept., of Manufacturing Engg, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Marine Metallurgy Dept., Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL), Ambernath, Mumbai, Maharastra, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 15, No 6 (2016), Pagination: 15-24Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel has drawn attention of researchers worldwide owing to its many benefits in construction of warships. In order to improve the weld quality and tool life, it is important to optimize the welding speed with the objective of producing defect free friction stir welded HSLA steel joints with excellent combination of strength and toughness. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to understand the influence of welding speed on tensile and impact toughness properties of friction stir welded high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel joints. Five different welding speeds (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm/min respectively) and constant tool rotational speed (600 rpm) are used to fabricate the HSLA steel joints. Due to the formation of lath upper bainite and acicular ferrite microstructure in the stir zone under optimum heat input condition could be the reason for superior mechanical properties of the joint fabricated using welding speed of 30 mm/min compared to other joints.Keywords
Friction Stir Welding, Welding Speed, HSLA Steel, Tensile Properties.- Predicting Corrosion Rate of Weld Nugget (Stir Zone) of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Joints of Aluminium - Magnesium Alloys
Abstract Views :197 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Dept of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Dept of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Dept of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 15, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 20-28Abstract
Joining of dissimilar alloys such as Aluminium (Al) and Magnesium (Mg) by fusion welding processes was very difficult due to formation of Al12Mg17 intermetallic compounds in fusion zone. However, friction stir welding (FSW) is expected to join dissimilar alloys with adequate joint strength because it is a solid-state process. But the Al/Mg FSW dissimilar joints are more prone to corrosion attack due to intercalated microstructure present in weld nugget (stir zone). The limitation of low corrosion resistance restricts practical applications of these types of joints. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to develop an empirical relationship to predict the corrosion rate of nugget region of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of AA6061 Al - AZ31B Mg alloys. Three important immersion corrosion test parameters, namely, chloride ion concentration, pH value and immersion time are chosen as input parameters. Three factors, five level, central composite rotatable design matrix is used to minimize the number of experimental conditions. Response surface methodology is used to develop an empirical relationship. The developed relationship can be effectively used to predict the corrosion rate of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of AA6061 Al - AZ31B Mg alloys at 95 % confidence level. The methodology adopted to develop the relationship is presented in this paper.- Effect of Tool Pin Profiles on Joint Characteristics of Under Water Friction STIR Welded AA2519-T87 Aluminium Alloy
Abstract Views :163 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept of Manufacturing Engg, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Dept of Manufacturing Engg, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 14, No 11 (2015), Pagination: 21-28Abstract
AA2519-T87 is an age hardenable aluminium alloy used in the fabrication of light combat vehicles in the military application. Fusion welding of this aluminium alloy results in solidification related problems like porosity, hot cracking, etc. In order to overcome such problems, friction stir welding (FSW) process is used to join this material. The thermal cycle experienced by the thermo mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) is causing grain coarsening and precipitates dissolution and resulting in poor joint properties. To get rid of this problem, under water friction stir welding (UWFSW) process can be adopted. However, the material flow during friction stirring will be entirely different in FSW and UWFSW. Hence an investigation is undertaken to study the effect of tool pin profiles on stir zone characteristics and the resultant tensile properties of the joints fabricated by UWFSW. Four different pin profiles, namely, straight cylindrical (STC), taper cylindrical (TAC), straight threaded cylindrical (STC), and taper threaded cylindrical (TTC) were used to fabricate the joints. From this investigation, it is found that the joint made by taper threaded pin profiled tool exhibited higher tensile properties and this may be attributed to the grain boundary strengthening and narrowing of lower hardness distribution region (LHDR).Keywords
Underwater Friction Stir Welding, Pin Profiles, Microstructure, Tensile Properties, Microhardness.- Timing Aware IR Drop Analysis in Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipelined Stage (MIPS) Design using Power/Ground Padding
Abstract Views :136 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Department, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Electronics and Communication Department, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 36 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Objectives: In this paper, the authors perform the physical design flow of Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipelined Stage MIPS, which is register based architecture in detail which aims to minimize IR drop in pre-circuit stage. The intent of this work is to analyze the IR drop and to make sure that the power supply is delivered across the entire chip. Technology shrinking makes it difficult to deliver complete supplied voltage to all the placed standard cells. And it becomes difficult to meet the slack time. The placement algorithm has also been proposed in the work. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The switching activity of the clock signal dynamically varies the IR drop at each buffer. Hence, depending on the level of IR drop, the current delivered by the buffers will be varied. This has led to the fluctuation of the supply voltage, which in turn causes variations in the delay, skew and slew rates. These effects necessitate the detailed timing analysis of the circuit. It can be observed that 10% IR drop causes an increase in delay of about 5% to 10%. Findings: The Register Transistor Level of MIPS design has been converted into net-list using Cadence Encounter RTL Compiler. The net-list is imported in Encounter GDSII for the Physical Designing. The Cadence Encounter Digital Implementation (EDI) used in the paper is 90 nm technology. The floor plan results of the design shows that the cells utilization is 70% and rest of the 30% is left for routing the design. The fly-line analysis is done in floor-planning stage to estimate the placement of the logic cells. The core utilization is 69% while the distance between the core and die is10 μm. The circuit is operated with the supply voltage 1.628 V and the IR drop analysis has been performed to all the standard cells in the design. The design also meets Slack time, Setup time, Hold time. Thus the Timing Aware IR drop has been analyzed in the paper. The MIPS design operates at 100 MHz Frequency. The MIPS design shows an appreciable decrease in the turnaround time which is 2.38 ns. Application/Improvements: The physical design of MIPS gives better IR drop and turnaround time. Power consumption in pre-placement, post-placement of the design is reported to be 11.37 mW and 11.77 mW.Keywords
Cadence Encounter, IR Drop Analysis, MIPS, Physical Design.Full Text
- The BLIXER, Integrated Balun-LNA-Mixer for ZigBee Application
Abstract Views :141 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 36 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to design a Blixer using noise-cancelling technique and balun –LNA-Mixer for better performance. Methods: As studied in literature of mixers, it shows they have less bandwidth disadvantage. This paper is concentrated to realize a wide bandwidth mixer by keeping the real part of the impedance of all RF nodes low, and using this mixer there is no capacitive loading problem. Findings: By avoiding use of inductors, the on chip size of circuit will be reduced and also the bandwidth extension requirement is fulfilled. This gives less DC-voltage drop after IF filtering. The design is implemented and simulated using Advanced Design System tool in CMOS 0.18um technology. The noise figure of the final BLIXER is obtained as 0.6dB and that of LNA is less than 2dB. This results are one of the best seen for a BLIXER. Applications: This design is well suited for wideband ZigBee receiver in wireless communication systems.Keywords
Balun, Blixer, LNA, Mixer, Wideband.Full Text
- Reconfigurable Filter Bank Multicarrier Modulation for Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sharing - A SDR Implementation
Abstract Views :210 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 ECE Department, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 ECE Department, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 6 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cognitive radio is used as promising technologies for dynamic spectrum access and optimization of wireless resources. Under dynamic spectrum access to provide the ability of working any band of frequency based on need, the reconfigurable cognitive radio is designed. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Multicarrier modulation is the feasible method to share the spectrum without interference. OFDM is one of the efficient multicarrier techniques available for the system design. One of the problems in OFDM for spectral sharing is the side band leakage that will inject interference from secondary radio sub carrier to primary radio sub carrier. To avoid this, in this work a Filter Bank based Multi Carrier (FBMC) modulation is used. Findings: Few simulation works are reported for the interference free spectrum sharing by using FBMC. But this work analyzes the real time practical implementation of the interference free dynamic spectrum sharing. Reconfigurable is another important aspect of the implementation which is provided by the Kintex 7 FPGA implementation of the reconfigurable filter bank multicarrier modulation using NI USRP 2943R SDR platform. This FBMC based Transceiver is implemented by using fast Xilink IP cores of FFT and systolic array based FIR filter IP core. The transceiver is realized to produce output for every clock after a fixed latency 240 clocks or 6 microsecond for 40Mz clock rate. This performance is achieved using single clock loop architecture of LABVIEW FPGA tool and the parallel, pipelined architecture realization of IP cores and other building blocks. Applications/Improvements: Experimental study shows that the BER of primary user for the implemented system is better than the OFDM system by the factor of 10-1.Keywords
Cognitive Radio, Dynamic Spectrum Sharing, Multi Carrier Modulation, OFDM Reconfigurable, SDRFull Text
- Determination of Minimum Corrosion Conditions for the Stir Zone of Friction Stir Welded AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
Abstract Views :195 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 16, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 12-21Abstract
Joining of magnesium alloys is increased because of its superior properties like light weight and high specific strength. Compared to fusion welding process, friction stir welding (FSW) is widely adaptable to join magnesium and its alloy. In the FSW joint, grains are very fine in stir zone (SZ) compared to the other zones. This leads to severe corrosion attack at the stir zone. The chloride ion concentration, pH value and immersion time are reported to be the more influencing parameters on corrosion attack. The present work aims to identify the minimum corrosion conditions in the SZ of friction stir welded AZ31B magnesium alloys by statistical tools such as design of experiments (DoE), analysis of variance and response surface methodology (RSM). From the results, it is found that the chloride ion concentration has a greater influence on corrosion rate than the other two parameters.Keywords
Friction Stir Welding, AZ31B Magnesium Alloy, Response Surface Methodology, Corrosion Rate.References
- Mordike, BL; Kainer, KU; Volkswagenwerk: Magnesium alloys and their applications, Frankfurt: Werkstoff-Informationsgesellschaft, 1998.
- Kainer, KU: Magnesium alloys and technology, Weinheim, DGM, Wiley-VCH, 2003.
- Pekguleryuz, MO; Kainer, KU; Kaya, AA: Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy, Oxford, Woodhead, 2013.
- Liu, L: Welding and joining of magnesium alloys, Oxford, Woodhead, 2011.
- Campanelli, LC; Suhuddin, UFH; Dos Santos, JF; De Alcantara, NG: Parameters optimization for friction spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy by Taguchi method, ‘Soldagem & Inspecao’, vol. 17, no. 1, 2012, 26–31.
- Nakata, K: Friction stir welding of magnesium alloys, ‘Welding International’, vol. 23, no. 5, 2009, 328–332.
- Song, GL: Corrosion of magnesium alloys, ‘Woodhead Publishing Limited’ UK, 2011.
- Cao, FH; Len, VH; Zhang, Z; Zhang, JQ: “Corrosion behavior of magnesium and its alloy in NaCl solution, ‘Russian Journal of Electrochemistry’, vol. 43, no. 7, 2007, 837–843.
- Padmanaban, G; Balasubramanian, V: Selection of FSW tool pin profile, shoulder diameter and material for joining AZ31B magnesium alloy – An experimental approach, ‘Materials & Design’, vol. 30, no. 7, 2009, 2647–2656.
- Thirumalaikumarasamy, D; Shanmugam, K; Balasubramanian, V: Developing an Empirical Relationship to Predict Corrosion Rate of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy under Sodium Chloride Environment, ‘Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals’, vol. 67, no. 1, 2014, 19–32.
- Khuri, AI; Mukhopadhyay, S: Response surface methodology, ‘Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics’, vol. 2, no. 2, 2010, 128–149.
- Miller, I; Freund, JE; Johnson, RA: Miller and Freund’s Probability and statistics for engineers, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994.
- Box, GEP; Draper, NR: Empirical model-building and response surfaces. New York: Wiley, 1987.
- Myers, RH; Montgomery, DC; Anderson-Cook, CM: Response surface methodology, ‘process and product optimization using designed experiments’, 2016.
- Makar, GL: Corrosion Studies of Rapidly Solidified Magnesium Alloys, ‘Journal of The Electrochemical Society’, vol. 137, no. 2, 1990, 414-421
- Notch Tensile Properties of Various Regions of Dissimilar Joints of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels
Abstract Views :192 |
PDF Views:5
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, IN
2 Materials Mechanics Section, Materials Technology Division,Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, IN
2 Materials Mechanics Section, Materials Technology Division,Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 16, No 6 (2017), Pagination: 12-22Abstract
In sodium cooled fast breeder reactor at Kalpakkam, the steam generators are constructed using modified 9Cr-1Mo (also called as Grade 91 or P91) ferritic steel because of its high temperature strength and resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The interconnecting sodium piping between reactor and steam generator is made up of AISI 316LN because of its high creep strength and corrosion resistance. Nickel based fillers (Inconel 82/182) are commonly used to weld the 316LN piping with steam generator. For a better structural integrity assessment of this dissimilar joint, the tensile properties of each region need to be evaluated. Evaluating the tensile properties of various regions by smooth tensile specimens is quite complex and time consuming. In the present investigation, the notch tensile properties of various regions were evaluated by placing a notch at the desired locations of the dissimilar metal weld joint (DMWJ). The dissimilar joint between P91 and 316LN is fabricated by manual metal arc welding (MMAW) process using Inconel 182 electrodes. Notch tensile properties of each region were evaluated by placing a notch at different locations (viz. weld metal, buttering, HAZ of P91 and HAZ of 316LN). Microhardness variation across the DMWJ was recorded. Microstructural features of various regions were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscope. From this investigation, it is found that the notch placed in the HAZ of P91 exhibited highest notch tensile strength than other regions. A non-uniform hardness distribution is observed across the DMWJ and the maximum hardness is recorded at the interface between P91 HAZ to Inconel 182 buttering. The hardness is minimum at the outer edge of HAZ of P91 side. Evolution of carbon enriched hard zone at the interface between P91 and Inconel 182 buttering could be the reason for highest notch tensile strength.Keywords
Dissimilar Metal Weld Joint, Notch Tensile Test, Microhardness, Microstructure.References
- Kumar, P; Pai, A: An overview of welding aspects and challenges during manufacture of Intermediate Heat Exchangers for 500MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, 'Procedia Eng.', vol. 86, 2014, 173-183.
- Sarikka, Teemu; Ahonen, Matias; Mouginot, Nevasmaa, Roman; arjalainen-Roikonen, Päivi K; Ehrnstén, Ulla; Hänninen, Hannu:Microstructural, mechanical, and fracture mechanical characterization of SA 508-Alloy 182 dissimilar metal weld in view of mismatch state, 'International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping', vol. 145, 2016, 13-22.
- Jang, C; Lee, J; Sung Kim, J; Eun Jin, T: Mechanical Property Variation Within Inconel 82/182 Dissimilar Metal Weld Between Low Alloy Steel and 316 Stainless Steel, 'Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping', vol. 85, no. 9, 2008, 635-646.
- Kim, JW; Lee, K; Kim, JS; Byun, TS: Local Mechanical Properties of Alloy 82/182 Dissimilar Weld Joint Between SA508 Gr.1a and F316 SS at RT and 320°C, 'J. Nucl. Mater.', vol. 384, no. 3, 2009, 212–221.
- Pandey, S; Prasad, R; Singh, PK; Rathod, DW: Investigation on Dissimilar Metal Welds of SA312 Type 304LN Pipe (Extruded) and SA508Gr.3Cl.1 Pipe (Forged), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India, Report No. 2008/36/107-BRNS/4038A, 2014.
- Zhang, ZL; Hauge, M; Thaulowa, C; Ødegård, J: A notched cross weld tensile testing method for determining true stress–strain curves for weldments, 'Engineering Fracture Mechanics', vol. 69, no. 3, 2000, 353-366.
- Wendell B. Jones C. R. HillsD. H. Polonis,; Microstructural evolution of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel, 'Metallurgical Transactions A', vol. 22, no. 5, 1991, 1049-1058.
- Wang, HT; Wang, GZ; Xuan, FZ; Liu, CJ; Tu, ST: Local mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint in nuclear powersystems”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 568, 2013, 108-117.
- Rathod, Dinesh W; Sunil Pandey, Singh, PK; Rajesh Prasad: Mechanical Properties Variations and Comparative Analysis of Dissimilar Metal Pipe Welds in Pressure Vessel System of Nuclear Plants, 'ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol.', vol. 138, no. 1, 2015, 1-9.
- Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Joints of Aisi 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel and Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel
Abstract Views :493 |
PDF Views:8
Authors
K. Karthick
1,
S. Malarvizhi
2,
V. Balasubramanian
3,
S. A. Krishnan
4,
G. Sasikala
4,
Shaju K. Albert
4
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Centre for Materials Joining and Research, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603 102, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Centre for Materials Joining and Research, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603 102, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 50, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 36-49Abstract
In liquid metal cooled fast breeder reactors, the dissimilar joint between grade 91 ferritic steel and 316LN stainless steel is frequently encountered. For better integrity assessment, mechanical properties of each region need be evaluated. In the present investigation, dissimilar joints between grade 91 to 316LN SS were fabricated by shielded metal arc welding process using nickel based electrodes. Mechanical properties (Tensile and impact toughness) of different regions were evaluated by placing the notch at each location. Microhardness variation across the dissimilar joint was recorded. Microstructural analyses of various regions were done by optical and scanning electron microscopy. From this investigation, it is understood that the in-homogeneous mechanical properties were observed across the dissimilar joint. The development of complex microstructure at the fusion interfaces will alter the mechanical properties across the dissimilar joint.Keywords
Welding, Dissimilar Joint, Mechanical Properties, Microstructure, Microhardness.References
- Karthick K, Malarvizhi S, Balasubramanian V, Krishnan SA, Sasikala G and Albert SK (2017); Tensile properties of shielded metal arc welded dissimilar joints of nuclear grade ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 25(5-6), pp.171178.
- Teemu S, Matias A, Roman M, Pekka N, Päivi KR, Ulla E and Hannu H (2016); Microstructural, mechanical, and fracture mechanical characterization of SA 508-Alloy 182 dissimilar metal weld in view of mismatch state, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 145, pp.13-22.
- Jang C, Lee J, Sung KJ and Eun JT (2008); Mechanical property variation within inconel 82/182 dissimilar metal weld between low alloy steel and 316 stainless steel, International Journal of Pressure Vessels Piping, 85(9), pp.635-646.
- Kim JW, Lee K, Kim JS and Byun TS (2009); Local mechanical properties of alloy 82/182 dissimilar weld joint between SA508 Gr.1a and F316 SS at RT and 320°C, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 384(3), pp. 212-221.
- Pandey S, Prasad R, Singh PK and Rathod DW (2014); Investigation on dissimilar metal welds of SA312 type 304LN pipe (extruded) and SA508Gr.3Cl.1 pipe (forged), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India, Report No. 2008/36/107-BRNS/4038A.
- Zhang ZL, Hauge M, Thaulowa C and Ødegård J (2009); A notched cross weld tensile testing method for determining true stress-strain curves for weldments, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 69(3), pp.353-366.
- Wendell B, Jones CR, Hills D and Polonis H (1991); Microstructural evolution of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel, Metallurgical Transactions A, 22, pp.1049-1058.
- Wang HT, Wang GZ, Xuan FZ, Liu CJ, Tu ST (2014) Local mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint in nuclear power systems, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 568, pp.108-117.
- Rathod DW, Pandey S, Singh PK and Prasad R (2015); Mechanical properties variations and comparative analysis of dissimilar metal pipe welds in pressure vessel system of nuclear plants, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 138(1), pp. 011403-011409.
- IGCAR, Prototype fast breeder reactor specification for the qualification of the welding consumables, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India, Report No. PFBR/32040/SP/1002/R-0.
- Determining the Minimum Corrosion Conditions for the Stir Zone of Friction Stir Welded AA6061 Aluminium Alloy Joints
Abstract Views :412 |
PDF Views:8
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 51, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 58-65Abstract
Joining of aluminium is commonly done in automobile industries because of its light weight and high specific strength. In recent days, friction stir welding (FSW) is widely preferred to join aluminium than fusion-welding processes. In this joint, grains are very fine in stir zone (SZ) compared to the other zones. Due to this extreme change in the microstructure at the SZ, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness, etc) of the FSW joints are superior but the corrosion resistance of SZ is very poor. The concentration of chloride ion, exposure time and pH value are reported to be the more influencing corrosion test parameters. The present work aims to determine combination of these pitting corrosion test parameters to attain a minimum corrosion rate at the SZ of friction stir welded aluminium alloy, AA6061-T6, by response surface methodology (RSM). From the results obtained, chloride ion concentration is reportedly had higher effect on corrosion rate than the other two parameters considered.Keywords
AA6061 Aluminium Alloy, Stir Zone, Response Surface Methodology, Pitting Corrosion Test.References
- Grard C (2004); Introduction to Aluminium and Its Alloys, Corrosion of Aluminium.
- Dashwood RJ and Grimes R (2010); Structural Materials: Aluminum and Its Alloys - Properties', in Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering. Chichester, UK: John Wiley {&} Sons, Ltd, 262.
- Totten GE, MacKenzie DS (eds) (2003); Handbook of Aluminum. New York; Basel: M. Dekker.
- Baboian R (ed.) (1995); Corrosion Tests and Standards: Application and Interpretation. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM ({ASTM} Manual Series).
- Mathers G (2002); The Welding of Aluminium and its Alloys, The Welding of Aluminium and its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
- Cornu J, Weston J, Greener S, Cornu, J (2013); Fundamentals of fusion welding technology. Berlin: Springer (Advanced Welding Systems).
- Kumar DA, Biswas P, Tikader S, Mahapatra, MM Mandal NR (2013); A study on friction stir welding of 12mm thick aluminum alloy plates, Journal of Marine Science and Application, 12(4), 493-499.
- Thomas WM, Nicholas ED, Needham JC, Murch, MG, Temple-Smith P and Dawes, CJ (1995); Friction welding. Google Patents.
- Amini K, Gharavi F (2016); Influence of welding speed on corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded AA5086 aluminium alloy, Journal of Central South University, 23(6), 1301-1311.
- Ezuber H, El-Houd A, El-Shawesh F (2008); A study on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys in seawater, Materials & Design, 29(4), 801-805.
- Stansbury EE Buchanan RA (2000); Fundamentals of electrochemical corrosion. Materials Park, OH: ASM International.
- Garcia SJ, Muster TH, Ozkanat O, Sherman N, Hughes AE, Terryn H, de Wit JHW, Mol JMC (2010); The influence of pH on corrosion inhibitor selection for 2024-T3 aluminium alloy assessed by high-throughput multi-electrode and potentiodynamic testing, Electrochimica Acta, 55(7), 2457-2465.
- Curioni M (2014); The behaviour of magnesium during free corrosion and potentiodynamic polarization investigated by real-time hydrogen measurement and optical imaging, Electrochimica Acta, 120, 284-292.
- Zhao M-C, Liu M, Song G-L, Atrens A (2008); Influence of pH and chloride ion concentration on the corrosion of Mg alloy ZE41, Corrosion Science, 50(11), 3168-3178.
- Jayaraj RK, Malarvizhi S, Balasubramanian V (2016); Predicting pitting corrosion rate of weld nugget (stir zone) of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of aluminium -magnesium alloys, Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, 11(4), 178-183.
- Jayaraj RK, Malarvizhi S and Balasubramanian V (2017); Determination of minimum corrosion conditions for the stir zone of friction stir welded AZ31B magnesium alloy, Manufacturing Technology Today, 16(4), 12-21.
- Porciuncula CB, Marcilio NR, Tessaro IC, Gerchmann M (2012); Production of hydrogen in the reaction between aluminum and water in the presence of NaOH and KOH, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29(2), 337-348.
- Predicting Tensile Strength and Interface Hardness of Friction Welded Dissimilar Joints of Austenitic Stainless Steel and Aluminium Alloy by Empirical Relationships
Abstract Views :275 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seshasayee Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University of Chennai, Tiruchirappalli Campus, IN
3 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seshasayee Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University of Chennai, Tiruchirappalli Campus, IN
3 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 46, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 67-75Abstract
Friction welding can be used to join different types of ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals that cannot be welded by traditional fusion welding processes. The process parameters such as rotational speed, friction pressure, forging pressure, friction time and forging time play the major roles in determining the strength of the joints. In this investigation, an attempt was made to develop empirical relationships to predict the tensile strength and interface hardness of friction welded dissimilar joints of AIS I304 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) and AA6082 aluminium (Al) alloy using statistical tools such as design of experiments, analysis of variance and regression analysis. The developed empirical relationships can be effectively used to predict tensile strength and interface hardness of friction welded dissimilar joints of ASS-AI at 95% confidence level.
Keywords
Friction Welding, Austenitic Stainless Steel, Aluminium Alloy, Design of Experiments, Analysis of Variance, Tensile Strength.- Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Welded AA2219 Alyminium Alloy Joints
Abstract Views :216 |
PDF Views:6
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining &. Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Engineering, Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), Kanchanbagh (P.O), Hyderabad, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining &. Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Engineering, Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), Kanchanbagh (P.O), Hyderabad, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 43, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 34-43Abstract
AA2219 aluminium alloy joints without filler metal addition were produced using electron beam welding (EBW) process. Microstructure characteristics, tensile properties, fatigue strength and fatigue crack growth resistance of the welds were evaluated and presented in this paper.
Keywords
AA2219 Aluminium Alloy, Electron Beam Welding, Artificial Aging Treatment, Tensile Properties, Fatigue Performance.- Tensile Properties of Gas Metal Arc and Cold Metal Transferred Arc Welded AA6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy Joints
Abstract Views :222 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 18, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 18-27Abstract
Heat treatable aluminium alloy such as AA6061 finding wide applications especially in the fabrication of door, hood and trunk components in automobile sector. These components are made up of thin sheets of aluminium alloys due to the low density, high strength to weight ratio, excellent weld ability and better corrosion resistance characteristics. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process is one of the most widely used welding technologies in the automobile industry, because of its higher productivity. Cold metal transfer (CMT) welding technique, the most advanced variant of GMAW process attracts the automobile manufacturers because of its capabilities such as stable arc, higher welding speed, less spatter and minimum distortion. This paper focuses on the welding of thin sheets of AA6061-T6 aluminium alloys by constant current-gas metal arc welding (CC-GMAW) and cold metal transfer-gas metal arc welding (CMT-GMAW) processes and highlights its tensile properties. The micro hardness variation across the weld joint was recorded by Vickers micro hardness tester. A soft zone is observed in the HAZ region in both the cases, but the relative softening with respect to the base material is less in case of CMT-GMAW joint compared with the CC-GMAW joint. It is also observed that the width of the soft zone in CMT-GMAW joint is less compared with the CC-GMAW joint. It is concluded that the mechanical properties of CMT-GMAW joint are improved compared with the CC-GMAW joint due to the better refinement of grain structure with narrow soft zone formation.Keywords
Aluminium Alloy, Gas Metal Arc Welding, Cold Metal Transfer Arc Welding, Tensile Properties, Micro HardnessReferences
- Flower, H.M: Light alloys: metallurgy of the light metals, ‘ International Materials Reviews’, Butterworth-Heinemann, Vol. 37, 1992,196-196
- Wang, P; S. Hu; J. Shen; Y. Liang: Characterization the contribution and limitation of the characteristic processing parameters in cold metal transfer deposition of an Al alloy, ‘J. Mater. Process. Technol’. Vol.245, 2017, 122–133.
- Norrish, J; Cuiuri, D: The controlled short circuit GMAW process : A tutorial, ‘J. Manuf. Process’. Vol. 16, 2014, 86–92.
- Wagiman, A; Bin Wahab, MS; Mohid, Z; Mamat, A: Effect of GMAW-CMT Heat Input on Weld Bead Profile Geometry for Freeform Fabrication of Aluminium Parts, ‘Appl. Mech. Mater.’ Vol. 465–466, 2013 ,1370–1374.
- Vargas, JA; Torres, J.E; Pacheco, JA; Hernandez, R.J: Analysis of heat input effect on the mechanical properties of Al-6061-T6 alloy weld joints, ‘Mater. Des.’, Vol.52, 2013, 556–564.
- Y. Liang, J. Shen, S. Hu, H. Wang, J. Pang, Effect of TIG current on microstructural and mechanical properties of 6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints by TIG–CMT hybrid welding, ‘J. Mater. Process. Technol’, Vol. 255, 2018, 161–174.
- Cornacchia,G; Cecchel, S, Panvini , A: A comparative study of mechanical properties of metal inert gas (MIG)-cold metal transfer (CMT) and fiber laserMIG hybrid welds for 6005A T6 extruded sheet, ‘Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol’ , Vol.94, 2018, 2017-2030.
- Pinto,H; Pyzalla, AR; Hackl, H; Bruckner, J: A Comparative Study of Microstructure and Residual Stresses of CMT-, MIG- and Laser-Hybrid Welds, ‘Mater. Sci. Forum’. Vol.627, 2006, 524-525.
- Zhang, YM, Pan, C: Male, a. T: Improved microstructure and properties of 6061 aluminum alloy weldments using a double-sided arc welding process, ‘Metall. Mater. Trans. A’,Vol. 31, 2000, 2537–2543.
- Ambriz, RR; Barrera, G.; García, R; López, VH.: A comparative study of the mechanical properties of 6061-T6 GMA welds obtained by the indirect electric arc (IEA) and the modified indirect electric arc (MIEA), ‘Mater. Des’. Vol. 30, 2009, 2446–2453.
- Kuo, TY; Lin, HC: Effects of pulse level of Nd-YAG laser on tensile properties and formability of laser weldments in automotive aluminum alloys, ‘Mater. Sci. Eng. A’. Vol. 416, 2006, 281–289.
- Nie, F; Dong, H; Chen, S; Li, P; Wang L.; Zhao, Z.; Li, X.; Zhang, H.: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pulse MIG Welded 6061/A356 Aluminum Alloy Dissimilar Butt Joints, ‘J. Mater. Sci. Technol’, Vol.34, 2018, 551–560.
- Dutta,I;. Allen S.M; A calorimetric study of precipitation in commercial aluminium alloy 6061, ‘J. Mater. Sci. Lett’, Vol. 10 1991, 323–326
- Effect of Constricted Arc Welding on Tensile Properties of Thin Sheets of Aero Engine Grade Titanium Alloy
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Dept. of Mfg. Engg., Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Materials Group (MTG) Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), Bengaluru, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Dept. of Mfg. Engg., Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Materials Group (MTG) Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), Bengaluru, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 18, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 3-11Abstract
Titanium and its alloys have been considered as one of the best engineering materials for aero-engine applications, because they possess many good characteristics such as high specific strength, superior corrosion resistance and good high temperature strength. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) welding process is generally preferred because to repair aero-engine blades of its high versatility and easy applicability. Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc welding (GTCAW) is a new variant of GTAW process. It generates very high frequency (20 kHz) and alters the magnetic field of the arc, thus enabling the control of constriction of arc and leading to less heat input, narrow heat affected zone (HAZ), reduced residual stresses and distortion compared to conventional GTAW process. This paper reports the tensile properties of GTA and GTCA welded thin sheets (1.2 mm) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy used in aero-engine applications. The joints were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness survey. From this investigation, it is found that GTCAW joints exhibited superior tensile properties compared to GTAW joints due to reduction of prior beta grain boundary, higher fusion zone hardness and narrow heat affected zone. Hence, it is preferred that GTCAW process can be employed to repair aero-engine components over GTAW process.Keywords
Titanium Alloy, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding, Tensile Properties, Microstructure.References
- G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams: ‘Titanium’, 177–232; 2003, Berlin, Springer-Verlag.
- R.R. Boyer An overview on the use of titanium in the aerospace industry: ’Material Science and Engineering A’ Vol.213, 1996, 103–114
- Wang, RR, Welsch, GE: Joining titanium materials with tungsten inert gas welding, laser welding and infrared brazing, ‘J Prosthet Dent’, Vol - 74(5), 1995, 521–530
- Malinov S, Sha W Application of artificial neural networks for modeling correlations in titanium alloy, ’Material Science and Engineering A’ Vol-365, 2004, 202–211
- Yunlian Qi, Deng Ju, Quan Hong, Liying Zeng: Electron beam welding, laser beam welding and gas tungsten arc welding of titanium sheet, ‘Materials Science and Engineering A’, Vol-280, 2000, 177–181
- S.H. Wang, M.S. Wei: Tensile properties of gas tungsten arc weldments in CP, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15V-3Al-3Sn-3Cr alloys at different strain rates, ‘Science and Technology of Welding and Joining’, Vol- 9, 2004, 415-422
- Becker DW, Adams CM Jr: The role of pulsed GTA welding variables in solidification and grain refinement, ‘Weld research supplement’, 1979, 143–152
- Ram, G.D.J., Mitra, T.K., Shankar, V., Sundaresan, S: Microstructural refinement through inoculation of type 7020 Al–Zn–Mg alloy welds and its effect on hot cracking and tensile properties, ‘Journal of materials processing technology’, Vol- 142, 2003, 174–181
- Rao, K.P., Angamuthu, K., Bala Srinivasan: Fracture toughness of electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V, ‘Journal of materials processing technology’, Vol-199, 2008, 185–192
- Sundaresan S, Janaki Ram GD, Madhusudhan Reddy ,G: Microstructural refinement of weld fusion zones in alpha–beta titanium alloy using pulsed current welding, ’Material Science and Engineering A’, Vol-262, 1999, 88–100
- Prasad Rao ,K: Fusion zone grain refinement in GTA welds using magnetic arc oscillation and current pulsing. RAMP; 2001, 176–196
- Shinoda T, Ueno Y, Masumoto I: Effect of pulsed welding current on solidification cracking in austenitic stainless steel weldsjournal of the japan welding society’, vol-7, 1989, 245-249
- Madhusudhan Reddy G, Gokhale AA, Prasad Rao K: Optimization of pulse frequency in pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding of Al–lithium alloysteels, ‘material science and technology’, Vol- 14, 1998, 61–66
- Simpson, RP: Refinement of weld fusion zones in alpha-beta titanium alloys, ‘Weld Journal’ 1977, 56–67
- Kishore BN, Ganesh SRS, Mythili R: Correlation of microstructure with mechanical properties of TIG weldments of Ti-6Al-4V made with and without current pulsing, ‘Materials Characterization’, Vol- 58, 2007, 581–587
- Naveen Kumar P, Bhaskar Y, Mastanaiah P: Study on dissimilar metals welding of 15CDV6 and SAE 4130 steels by Inter pulse gas tungsten arc welding, ‘Procedia materials Science’ Vol-5, 2014, 2382-2391
- Leary R, Merson E, Birmingham,K: Microstructural and microtextural analysis of InterPulse GTCAW welds in Cp-Ti and Ti–6Al–4V, ‘Materials Science Engineering A’, Vol- 527, 2010, 7694-7705.
- V. Vaithiyanathan, V. Balasubramanian, S. Malarvizhi: Identification of Optimized Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding Parameters to attain Minimum Fusion Zone Area in Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheets used in Aero Engine Components, ‘Journal of Advanced Microscopy Research’, Vol-13, 2018, 354-362
- Effect of Delta Current on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welded Inconel 718 Alloy Joints
Abstract Views :230 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Material Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Dept. of Mfg. Engg., Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram, IN
1 Centre for Material Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Dept. of Mfg. Engg., Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 18, No 5 (2019), Pagination: 48-60Abstract
Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy which is of potential interest in high temperature applications in rocket and gas turbines. This alloy is mostly joined by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process for clean and precise welds and it is economical and shop friendly. However, due to the high heat input associated with this process, the joints are more prone for metallurgical problems such as coarse dendritic structure and segregation in weld metal region and liquation cracking in heat affected zone (HAZ) which significantly reduces the mechanical properties of the welded joints. To overcome these shortcomings, a recently developed Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding (GTCAW) process is used for joining Inconel 718 alloy. It is the advanced variant of GTAW process with magnetic arc constriction achieved by introducing high frequency pulsing Current (known as Delta Current). Delta Current pulsing at a very high frequency is controlling factor for the rise and fall of magnetic arc constriction during welding. The main objective of this investigation is to make the potential use of Magnetic Arc Constriction to reduce the heat input for minimizing metallurgical problems and enhancing the mechanical properties of the joints. To achieve this, main effect of Delta Current on tensile properties and microstructural characteristics of Inconel 718 alloy is investigated.Keywords
Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding (GTCAW), Delta Current, Tensile Properties, Microstructural Characteristics.References
- Lippold, J; DuPont, JC; DuPont, JN; Kiser, SD: Welding metallurgy and weldability of nickel base alloys, 'John Wiley and Sons, Inc.', New Jersey, 2009.
- Agilan, M; Krishna Chenna, S; Manwatkar, Sushant, K; Vinayan, EG; Sivakumar, Bhanu, D Pant: Effect of welding processes (GTAW & EBW) and solutionizing temperature on microfissuring tendency in Inconel 718 welds, 'Materials Science Forum', vol. 710, 2004, 603-607.
- Gordine, J: Some problems in welding Inconel 718, 'Welding Journal', 1970, 480-484.
- Madhusudan Reddy, G; Srinivasa Murthy, CV; Srinivasa Rao, K; Prasad Rao, K: Improvement of mechanical properties of Inconel 718 electron beam welds— influence of welding techniques and post weld heat treatment, 'International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology', vol. 43, 2009, 671 - 680.
- Janki Ram, G; Reddy, A; Prasad Rao, K; Reddy G; Sarin Sundar, J: Microstructure and tensile properties of Inconel 718 pulsed Nd-Yag laser welds, 'Journal of Materials Processing Technology', vol. 167, 2005, 73 - 82.
- Sivaprasad, K; Sundra Raman, G: Influence of weld cooling rate, on microstructure and mechanical properties of Alloy 718 weldments, 'Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A', vol. 39A, 2008, 2115 - 2127.
- Sudarshan Rao, G; Saravanan, K; Harikrishnan, G; Sharma, VMJ; Ramesh Narayan, P; Sreekumar, K; Sinha, P: Local deformation behaviour of Inconel 718 TIG weldments at room temperature and 550°C, 'Materials Science Forum', vol. 710, 2012, 439 - 444.
- Sivaprasad, K; Ganesh Sundara Raman, S; Mastanaiah, P; Madhusudhan Reddy, G; Influence of magnetic arc oscillation and current pulsing on microstructure and high temperature tensile strength of alloy 718 TIG weldments, 'Materials Science and Engineering A', vol. 428, 2006, 327 - 331.
- Janaki Ram, GD; Venugopal Reddy, A; Prasad Rao, K; Madhusudhan Reddy, G: Control of Laves phase in Inconel 718 GTA welds with current pulsing, 'Science and Technology of Welding and Joining', vol. 9, no. 5, 2004, 390-398.
- Radhakrishna, CH; Prasad Rao, K: The formation and control of Laves phase in superalloy 718 welds, 'Journal of Materials Science', vol. 32, 1997, 1977 - 1984.
- Seidi, FR; Unkel, W: Arc and weld pool behavior for pulsed current GTAW, 'Welding Research Supplement', 1988, 247-255
- Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing by Cold Metal Transferred (CMT) Arc Welding Process
Abstract Views :279 |
PDF Views:7
Authors
Affiliations
1 Center for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608002, IN
1 Center for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608002, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 53, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 48-56Abstract
Additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) is considered as a disruptive technology to produce limited number of high value components with topologically optimized complex geometries and functionalities that is not achievable by traditional manufacturing. Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) allows to produce metal components by depositing filler wire layer by layer with the help of welding arc. WAAM is a potential future process to manufacture complex parts without much of tooling required or with less material wastage. Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) arc welding technique offers high stable arc with less heat input and high welding speed which results in less distortion. The aim of this work is to optimize the critical welding parameters in CMT arc welding in order to achieve a stable arc to develop the component and to analyse the mechanical and micro structure properties fabricated using ER308L wire. In this experimental work, welding parameters in CMT process were optimized for the stainless steel component deposited using ER308L filler wire. From this investigation it was found that the weld speed, current, stick out and voltage were the most influencing parameters to achieve stable arc and for process feasibility. After the completion of fabrication, the component was tested non-destructively in order to confirm the soundness of the weld deposits and to ensure the component is free from porosity and lack of fusion between the layers. The component was sectioned and specimens were extracted from vertically at three sections (Top, middle and bottom). Mechanical properties were evaluated as per the ASTM standards. Microstructural analysis was done using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics are uniform throughout the height of the component.Keywords
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, Gas Metal Arc Welding, Stainless Steel, Cold Metal Transfer, Mechanical Properties, Microstructure.References
- Montevecchia F, Venturinia G, Scippaa A and Campatellia G (2016); Finite element modelling of WAAM process, CIRP. 55 pp.109-114.
- Posch G, Chladil K and Chladil H (2017); Material properties of CMT-Metal additive manufactured duplex stainless steel blade-like geometries, International Institute of Welding.
- Ding D, Shen C and Pan Z, Robotic wire and arc additive manufacturing: Innovative fabrication of large metal components, Australasian Welding Journal – Volume 60.
- Shi X, Ma S, Liu C, Wu Q, Lu J, Liu Y and Shi W (2017); Selective laser melting-wire arc additive manufacturing hybrid fabrication of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties, Materials Science & Engineering A. 684, pp.196–204.
- Williams SW, Martina F, Addison AC, Ding J, Pardal G and Colegrove P (2015); Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing, Institute of metals, minerals and mining.
- Mehnen J, Ding J, Lockett H and Kazanas P (2010); Design for Wire and Arc Additive Layer Manufacture, CIRP Design conference.
- Ugla AA and Yilmaz O, Deposition – Path generation of SS308 components manufactured by TIG welding- based Metal deposition process, Springer.
- Abe T and Sasahara H, Dissimilar metal deposition with a stainless steel and nickel -based alloy using wire and arc-based AM, Precision Engineering.
- Antonysamy AA, Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Property Evolution during Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V Alloy for Aerospace Applications, University of Manchestar, Doctorate Thesis.
- Busachi A, Erkoyuncu J, Colegrove P, Martina F and Ding J (2015); Designing a WAAM Based Manufacturing System for Defence Applications, Elsevier CIRPe.
- Effect of Delta Current Frequency (DCF) on Microstructure and Tensile properties of Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc (GTCA) welded Inconel 718 Alloy Joints
Abstract Views :249 |
PDF Views:7
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 53, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 65-74Abstract
Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy mostly used in high temperature applications in aerospace sector due to its extensive mechanical properties and weldability . Gas T ungsten Arc Welding (GT AW) process is widely used for joining of Inconel 718 alloy for cleaner , precise and high-quality welds. However , due to the high heat input and wider arc associated with this process, it is having certain metallurgical problems in welding, such as coarse dendritic structure and segregation of alloying elements in weld metal region which significantly reduces the mechanical properties of the joints. T o overcome these limitations, a newly developed Gas T ungsten Constricted Arc Welding (GTCAW) process is employed to join Inconel 718 alloy . It is the advanced configuration of GTAW process, based on magnetic arc constriction induced by high frequency pulsing of the current known as Delta Current. The main objective of this investigation is to study the effect of Delta Current Frequency (DCF) on the weldability of Inconel 718 alloy for its viability in aerospace applications. The joints welded at 4 kHz showed superior tensile properties due to the refinement of grains in fusion zone. Increase in DCF results in decrease in tensile properties of the joints due to the coarsening of dendritic fusion zone microstructure. It is attributed to the stacking of heat input during welding.Keywords
Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding, GTCAW, Delta Current Frequency, Inconel 718, T Ensile Properties, Microstructure.References
- Gordine J (1970); Welding of Inconel 718, Welding Research Supplement, pp.531-537 .
- Lund CH (1961) Physical Metallurgy of Nickel Base Superalloys, Defence Metals Information Centre (DMIC) Report 153, Battelle Memorial Institute, Ohio.
- Lippold J, DuPont JC, DuPont JN, Kiser SD (2009); Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel Base Alloys, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. , New Jersey .
- Gordine J (1970); Some Problems in Welding Inconel 718, Welding Journal, pp.480-484.
- Wagner HJ, Hall A (1965), Physical Metallurgy of Alloy 718, Defence Metals Information Centre (DMIC), Report 217 , Battle Memorial Institute Columbus Ohio.
- Radhakrishna CH, Prasad Rao K (1997); The formation and control of Laves phase in superalloy 718 welds, Journal of Materials Science 32, pp.1977-1984.
- Janaki Ram GD, Reddy AV , Rao KP , Reddy GM (2005); Microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 electron beam welds, Materials Science and T echnology 21, pp.1132-1138.
- Madhusudan Reddy G, Srinivasa Murthy C V , Srinivasa Rao K, Prasad Rao K (2009); Improvement of mechanical properties of Inconel 718 electron beam welds- influence of welding techniques and post weld heat treatment, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing T echnology 43, pp.671-680.
- Agilan M, Krishna CS, Manwatkar SK, Vinayan EG, Sivakumar D, Pant B (2004); Effect of Welding Processes (GT AW & EBW) and Solutionizing T emperature on Microfissuring T endency in Inconel 718 Welds, Materials Science Forum710, pp.603-607 .
- Huang CA, Wang TH, Lee CH, Han WC (2005); A study of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of an Inconel 718 sheet welded with electron-beam welding (EBW), Materials Science and Engineering: A 398, pp.275-281.
- Leary RK, Merson E, Birmingham K, Harvey D, Brydson R (2010); Microstructural and microtextural analysis of InterPulse GTCAW welds in Cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V ,Materials Science and Engineering: A 527 , pp.7694-7705.
- Sudarshan Rao G, Saravanan K, Harikrishnan G, Sharma VMJ, Ramesh Narayan P , Sreekumar K, Sinha P (2012); Local Deformation Behaviour of Inconel 718 TIG weld-o ments at Room T emperature and 550 C, Materials Science Forum, 710, pp.439-444.
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- Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characteristics of Rotating Arc Gas Metal Arc Welded Carbon Steel Joints
Abstract Views :284 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Annamalai University, Annamalainagar (P.O), Tamilnadu, IN
1 Annamalai University, Annamalainagar (P.O), Tamilnadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 20, No 5-6 (2021), Pagination: 21-30Abstract
Low carbon steels are widely used in the manufacturing sectors due to their easy weldability than other carbon steels. Usually, the welding processes like shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) are used for welding thick low carbon steel plates. Recently, a novel “rotary arc” or “spin arc” technique is developed with a rotary motion of filler wire that can change the flow of the weld puddle. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to join 12mm thick carbon steel plates made by stationary arc gas metal arc welding (SA-GMAW) and rotating arc gas metal arc welding (RA-GMAW) processes. The objective of present paper is to study the influence of rotating arc on mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of GMA welded carbon steel joints. The results indicated that the arc rotation of GMAW process yielded 15% improvement in joint efficiency than the conventional stationary arc process.Keywords
Carbon Steel, Rotating Arc Welding, Tensile Properties, Impact Toughness and Microstructural Characteristics.References
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- Role of IoT and AI in Welding Industry 4.0
Abstract Views :294 |
PDF Views:4
Authors
Affiliations
1 G.S.Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology,Aurangabad - 431010, Maharashtra State, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu State, IN
3 Department of Computer Science and Applications, Hinduja College of Commerce Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra State, IN
1 G.S.Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology,Aurangabad - 431010, Maharashtra State, IN
2 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu State, IN
3 Department of Computer Science and Applications, Hinduja College of Commerce Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra State, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 55, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 54-62Abstract
The IoT (Internet of Thing) basically pertains to the concept of linking anything that is powered both to the internet and each other and simulating human intelligence by machines, particularly computer systems is artificial intelligence. It includes learning (acquisition of data and rules for exploiting the data), logic (exploiting rules to arrive at probable or definitive findings) and selfrectification. Many automatic welding machines are now connected to a computer and are fully networked and can be reached anywhere in world from a computer at any time. The first apparent use would be in the evaluation and configuration of the equipment itself, as the equipment must be regularly interfaced with a network to perform these functions. Future IoT technology for the welding sector is likely to emerge largely as part of an artificial intelligence network, as it would be extremely beneficial to control and monitor functions even though the system is not in connection with internet. Simulating human intelligence by machines, specifically computers is known as Artificial intelligence (AI). It includes learning (acquisition of data and rules for exploiting the data), logic (exploiting rules to arrive at probable or definitive findings) and self-rectification. AI is incorporated into a variety of different types of technology. AI will have IoT flexibility which would play a major role in complying the requirements of Welding Industry 4.0.References
- Avinash B, Industry 4.0 and related technologies, May 28, 2020,https://www.apo-tokyo.org/resources/ articles/industry-4-0-and-related-technologies/
- Manca D, Brambilla S, Colombo S (2013); Bridging between Virtual Reality and accident simulation for training of process-industry operators. Advances in Engineering Software, 55, 1-9.
- Zhong RY, Xu X, Klotz E, Newman ST (2017); Intelligent manufacturing in the context of industry 4.0: A review. Engineering, 3(5), 616-630.
- Schuster M, Larsen L (2017); Autonomous manufacturing of composite parts by a multi-robot system. Procedia Manufacturing,11, 249-255.
- Reisgen U, Mann S, Middeldorf K, Sharma R, Buchholz G, Willms K (2019); Connected, digitalized welding production - industry 4.0 in gas metal arc welding.Welding in the World, 63, 1121–1131.
- Nizam MSH, Marizan S, Zaki SA (2016); Vision based identification and classification of weld defects in welding environments: a review. Indian Journal of Science Technology, 9, 1–5.
- Villani V, Pini F, Leali F, Secchi C. (2018); Survey on human–robot collaboration in industrial settings: Safety, intuitive interfaces and applications, Mechatronics, 55, 248-266.
- Simoens P, Dragone M, Saffiotti A (2018); The internet of robotic things: A review of concept, added value and applications, International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 15, 1, 1729881418759424.
- Bonomi F, Milito R, Natarajan P, Zhu J (2014); Fog computing: A Platform for Internet of Things and Analytics,” in Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments, Springer, 169-186.
- Latz B, How the Internet of Things will impact the welding & Manufacturing Industries, http://www.ktig.com/2017-blog/how-will-the-internet-of-thingsimpact-the-welding-manufacturing-industries, May 21st 2018.
- Posch G, Jürgen B, Krissanaphusit A (2017); Internet of Things / Industry 4.0 and Its Impact on Welding, Journal of Japan Welding Society, 86 (4 ), 236-242.
- Pan Y (2016) Heading toward artificial intelligence 2.0. Engineering, 2, 409–13.
- Zhou J, Li P, Zhou Y, Wang B, Zang J, Meng L (2018) Toward new-generation intelligent manufacturing, Engineering, 4, 11–20.
- Veikkolainen M. Internet of Welding reaching for the top of competitiveness. May 12, 2017.https://welding value.com/2017/05/internet-of-welding-reaching-forthe-top-of-competitiveness
- Chao C, Na Lv, Shanben C (2018); Data driven welding expert system structure based on internet of things, Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing, 45-60.
- Ji Z, Yanhong Z, Baicun W, Jiyuan Z (2019); Human–cyber–physical systems (HCPSs) in the context of new-generation intelligent manufacturing, Engineering, 4, 624–36.
- Wang, B, Hu, SJ, Sun L, Freiheit T (2020); Intelligent welding system technologies: State-of-the-art review and perspectives, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 56, 373–391.
- https://www.metalformingmagazine.com/magazine/article/Default.asp?/2016/3/1/Captured:_Real-Time_Welding_Data_to_Optimize_Quality,_Efficiency (Accessed on December 17, 2020)
- Chantry B (2020); Cloud based production monitoring reshapes weld performance tracking. https://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/support/process-and-theory/Pages/cloud-based-production-monitoring. aspx(Accessed on December 17, 2020)
- https://www.fronius.com/en/welding-technology/infocentre/magazine/2017/successfully-leveraging-dataassets (Accessed on December 17, 2020)
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- Effect of Rotatory Arc Welding Technology on Metallurgical and Mechanical Performance of Armour Grade Steel Joints
Abstract Views :196 |
PDF Views:4
Authors
Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
2 Professor, Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
3 Professor, Head and Director, Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
4 Scientist, Combat Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (CVRDE), DRDO, Avadi, Chennai, IN
5 Outstanding Scientist, Combat Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (CVRDE), DRDO, Avadi, Chennai, IN
1 Research Scholar, Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
2 Professor, Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
3 Professor, Head and Director, Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
4 Scientist, Combat Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (CVRDE), DRDO, Avadi, Chennai, IN
5 Outstanding Scientist, Combat Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (CVRDE), DRDO, Avadi, Chennai, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 55, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 76-88Abstract
This work is aimed to investigate the arc rotation effect on mechanical properties and metallurgical characteristics of 18 mm thickness armour grade quenched and tempered (Q & T) steel joints. Mechanical properties like tensile, impact toughness and microhardness were evaluated from welded joints. Metallurgical characteristics of welded joints like macrostructure, microstructure, and weld metal chemical composition were analyzed. From the results, it is observed that the rotating arc gas metal welded (RTA-GMW) joint contain minimum heat affected zone width (1.8 mm) and exhibits better tensile properties (784 MPa) due to the decrease in heat density caused by arc rotation of the joining process. The impact toughness properties of weld joint showed 36 % improvement than the unwelded base metal. Microstructural studies also revealed higher volume percentage of fine delta ferrite (δ-Fe) with vermicular type δ-Fe morphological future in the weld joint. The rotation arc caused reduction in heat input, enhanced strength, impact toughness properties and creation of vermicular type δ-Fe morphology in armour grade Q&T steel welded joints.Keywords
Armour Steel, Rotating Arc Welding, Mechanical Properties, Metallurgical Behaviour.References
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- Indian Railways on Fast Track with Welding Industry 4.0 : Application of Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence
Abstract Views :103 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Tushar Sonar
1,
V. Balasubramanian
2,
S. Malarvizhi
2,
Namita Dusane
3,
V. Sivamaran
4,
C. Rajendran
5
Affiliations
1 G. S. Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IN
2 Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Hinduja College of Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN
4 Audisankara College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomous), Gudur, Andhra Pradesh, IN
5 Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 G. S. Mandal's Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IN
2 Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Hinduja College of Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN
4 Audisankara College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomous), Gudur, Andhra Pradesh, IN
5 Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 20, No 11-12 (2021), Pagination: 10-20Abstract
The objective of this paper is to explain about application of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in welding of Indian Railways. The introduction of welding technology has also been followed by the country’s economic growth. Indian Railways has long been the single most significant infrastructure entity in India, with the railway track network expanding for many years. The new manufacturing sector is speeding the transition to digital and intelligent manufacturing, with the ongoing growth and maturity of cloud computing, big data, IoT and other innovations. Welding methods are also one of the fields where AI is tested and used early, with the help of information technology. Train maintenance and repair is usually carried out in demanding working conditions and frequently under demand from time. In such high demand and dynamic activities, it helps to decrease human error. In the welding of rail tracks and machine parts, IoT and AI will certainly offer many advantages in less time and with greater accuracy and precision. It will allow the Indian Railways to become more profitable and effective.Keywords
Indian Railways, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Welding 4.0.References
- Avinash, B. (2020). Industry 4.0 and related technologies. ttps://www.apo-tokyo.org/ resources/articles/industry-4-0-and-related-technologies/
- Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Natarajan, P., Zhu, J. (2014). Fog computing: A Platform for Internet of Things and Analytics. In Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments (169-186). Springer.
- Chantry, B. (2021). Cloud based production monitoring reshapes weld performance tracking. https://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/support/process-and-theory/Pages/cloud-based-production-monitoring.aspx
- Chen, C., Lv, N., Chen, S. (2018). Data driven welding expert system structure based on internet of things, Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing, 45-60.
- Data assets. (2021) https://www.fronius.com/en/welding-technology/info-centre/magazine/2017/ successfully-leveraging-data-assets
- ESAB WeldCloud. (2021). https://www.esabna.com/us/en/weldcloud/index.cfm
- Indian Railways. (2020). https://icf.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,29
- Indian Railways. (2021). https://www. financialexpress.com/industry/indian-railways-to-introduce-ultrasonic-track-testing/772422/
- Ji, Z., Yanhong, Z., Baicun, W., & Jiyuan, Z. (2019). Human–Cyber–Physical Systems (HCPSs) in the context of new-generation intelligent manufacturing. Engineering, 5(4), 624-636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.015
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- Veikkolainen, M. (2017) Internet of Welding reaching for the top of competitiveness. https://weldingvalue.com/2017/05/internet-of-welding-reaching-for-the-top-of-competitiveness
- Villani, V., Pini, F., Leali, F., & Secchi, C. (2018). Survey on human–robot collaboration in industrial settings: Safety, intuitive interfaces and applications. Mechatronics, 55, 248-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2018.02.009
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- Zhou, J., Li, P., Zhou, Y., Wang, B., Zang, J., & Meng, L. (2018). Toward new-generation intelligent manufacturing. In Engineering, 4(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2018.01.002
- Porosity and metallurgical characteristics of AA5356 aluminum alloy cylindrical components made by wire arc additive manufacturing process
Abstract Views :152 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 21, No 7-8 (2022), Pagination: 3-12Abstract
AA5356 (Al-Mg) alloys can reach medium strength without a solid solution and quenching treatment, thereby avoiding product distortion caused by quenching, which has attracted the attention of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) researchers. However, challenges during the additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys, such as porosity or poor mechanical properties, can be overcome by using arc technologies with low heat input. This paper presents metallurgical characteristics and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured AA5356 alloy cylindrical components fabricated by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Cold Metal Transferred (CMT) arc welding processes. Herein, comparison between the welding processes and the resulting heat input show the effect on resulting microstructural characteristics of additively manufactured AA5356 parts. Firstly, the influence of heat input on the porosity was analyzed. Subsequently, the effect of heat input on the microstructural characteristics of the components was studied. The component produced by CMT process exhibits fewer and smaller pores with finer grains and reduced segregation of β-(Al3Mg2) phases than the GMAW process.Keywords
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, Al-Mg Alloy, Porosity, Metallurgical Characteristics.References
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